Indus Valley Civilization

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    • Indus Valley Civilization (3500-1700 BC, aka Harappan Civilization) was mostly based in present day region of Pakistan, with its periphery or colonies stretching as far as northwest India in the east, Turkmenistan in the north, and southeast Iran/Persian Gulf in the West. As a cradle of civilization, its contributions include the world's first: largest planned cities, drainage systems, cotton clothing, dentistry, standardized weights, possibly the writing system, and much more. Indus people had extensive trade and cultural links with the Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asia. The linguistic identity of the Harappans is unknown because the Indus script is still undeciphered. There are many theories of them being Indo-Iranian, Dravidian, Semitic, Altaic, Mundic, or even an isolate. Indus religion remains a mystery as it is distinct from any known religion. There seems to be some sort of a Bull Cult prevelant among Harappans. There is also similarity with Gilgemish/Enkidu and even the Cernunnos. Harappans were a multi-racial people with closest genetic affiliation to present day people of Indus valley and surroundings. Despite waves of invasions throughout the centuries, the Harappan legacy lives on with continuation of many aspects of the culture, traditions, arts, etc. in present day Indus Valley and surroundings.
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